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;Fastest DWORD to ASCII HEX code by The Svin//Russia ;fastadw ;in = eax == number ;out = eax:edx == ASCII HEX ready to be sent into some string ;fastadwz ;in eax == number ;dest == addr to dest to put ASCII HEX of the number in. ;fastadwszsp is the same as fastadwz but insert 20h between low and high words ;if eax == ffffffff then string in dest will be 'FFFF ;FFFF',0 ; Test the speed ;) fastadw ~ 18 clocks. ;use: fastadwz proto :DWORD ; mov eax,number ;if it's not already in eax ; invoke fastadwz,addr dest ;or invoke fastadwszsp,addr dest .586 .model flat,stdcall option casemap:none .code fastadw proc mov edx,eax shl eax,4 and edx,0FFFF0000h mov ebx,eax shr edx,12 and eax,0ff0h shr bh,4 shr al,4 and ebx,0f0f00h mov ecx,edx shl ebx,8 add eax,06060606h and edx,0ff0h add ebx,eax shr ch,4 mov eax,ebx shr dl,4 and ebx,10101010h and ecx,0f0f00h shr ebx,4 shl ecx,8 sub eax,ebx add edx,06060606h shl ebx,3 add eax,2a2a2a2ah add ecx,edx add eax,ebx mov edx,ecx bswap eax ;################################################ and ecx,10101010h shr ecx,4 sub edx,ecx shl ecx,3 add edx,2a2a2a2ah add edx,ecx bswap edx ret fastadw endp fastadwsz proc dest:DWORD call fastadw mov ebx,dest mov dword ptr ,edx mov dword ptr ,eax mov byte ptr ,0 ret fastadwsz endp fastadws proc dest:DWORD call fastadw mov ebx,dest mov dword ptr ,edx mov dword ptr ,eax ret fastadws endp fastadwszsp proc dest :DWORD call fastadw mov ebx,dest mov dword ptr ,edx mov byte ptr ,' ' mov dword ptr ,eax mov byte ptr ,0 ret fastadwszsp endp end

Thank you for the offer. It will be a privilege. I'll do my best :) In order to get the work done I have some questions to ask. Is it OK to discuss them here or I'd better send them by e-mail? For now on I want to say just few words: I'm grateful user of MASM32 pack. Many thanks to you and Iczelion for the work you've done on the Win32asm way :) I dared to post some messages here after I'd downloaded new SP for MASM32. I found a lot of new procs in M32LIB directory and thought may be it was time I say some ideas and notes I'd never shared with anybody? I love the idea to make Win32asm stdlibrary in the way it was done in MASM32, and make use of most of them. But I optimized most of them, so some of them run 2-3 times faster now. I didn't change whole procedures, but little parts of them. Critical parts :) I always clock (testing speed) proc I accept to use. Hope others do the same. Two short examples: Look at dwtoa.asm by Tim Roberts. I like the proc, because it's easy to use and universal. But with close look we can see that the most clock consuming part is: ; mov ecx, 10 ; .while (eax > 0) ; while there is more to convert... ; xor edx, edx ; div ecx ; put next digit in edx ; add dl, '0' ; convert to ASCII ; mov , dl ; store it ; inc edi ; .endw Why? Because the DIV command is still one of the slowest of +386 inst. set. For Pentium it's 41 clock and is NP. So it will take 48 clocks for each circle (iter.) up to 48*9 just to divide whole number to get its MOD (10). But if we replace the code above with this it'll do the same but 4 times faster: mov ecx,429496730 mov ebx,eax ;eax = num mul ecx ;edx = num/10 mov eax,edx ;eax = num/10 lea edx, add edx,edx ;edx =num - num mode(10) sub ebx,edx ;ebx = num mode(10) add bl,'0' mov ,bl inc edi .while (eax > 0) mov ebx,eax mul ecx mov eax,edx lea edx, add edx,edx sub ebx,edx add bl,'0' mov ,bl inc edi .endw If you doubt - test the speed. This part after the correction runs 4 times faster. The whole proc 2,5 times faster. Another example - let's take a look at new A2DW.ASM by Iczelion. Good and comprehensive proc. xor ecx, ecx mov edi, String invoke lstrlen, String .while eax != 0 xor edx, edx mov dl, byte ptr sub dl, "0" ; subtrack each digit with "0" to convert it to hex value mov esi, eax dec esi push eax mov eax, edx push ebx mov ebx, 10 .while esi > 0 mul ebx dec esi .endw pop ebx add ecx, eax pop eax inc edi dec eax .endw mov eax, ecx ret Yet we can make it shorten and run 3 time faster: xor ecx, ecx mov edi, String invoke lstrlen, String .while eax != 0 xor edx, edx mov dl, byte ptr sub dl, "0" mov esi, eax .while esi > 0 lea edx, add edx,edx dec esi .endw add ecx, edx inc edi dec eax .endw mov eax, ecx ret Those procs are already in your MASM32 pack. And I don't pretend to be the author :) I just speed them up a little bit ;) So I wonder, may you or the authors could be interested in this optimization of their procs to think over those changed parts and may be persuaded to replace current versions of the procs with optimized ones? Excuse my ability to express myself by commands of the English language. I'm not a native English speaker :)

Svin, Please, supply the code you use to measure the perfomance. I have one from MASM32 help, but it's not clear for me. Please, choose (at least for me) another alias. Me is russian too, it is very difficult to apply to you with the present one. Your fastadw is a piece of fantastic. I'm delighted. DVA

Has anybody else tried testing the dw2hex proc written by f0dderin masm32. It seems it is about 20 times faster on my PC, (PII or PIII i can't remember). Its probably just me, or something to do with theway pentiums operate, with dual pipes, extra caches and the rest, cause i didn't get the same two counts twice????? I would also like to point out, that the results of reading the clock counter can be serverly corrrupt if an interupt occours during the timing sequence (also in windows, the timer interupt could be called at least once every milli second if not shorter), so beware, you can either clear the interupt flag with a cli instruction (dont forget to set it again with sti), or repeat the test several times, also becareful cause if your app gets stuck in an infinite loop it WILL crash windozes.

You simply cannot toutch CLI from ring3, it's a protected instruction. I know, you want to stop multi tasking as you test your code. Can't do it that way. The SIMPLEST way is to boost your test code's thread priority so the OS gives it the biggst slice of time, and do multiple runs testing run time, and take the lowest number. The harder way involves writing a VxD or WDM. The investment in that depends on how serious you are in measuring speed. You still need to know how windows opperates at it's lowest levels intimately. Personally, I'd test speed in DOS before I tried the driver approach.

Of course, we cannot use cli inst. from ring 3 :) That's why I was surprized to read the X's advice to use it :) I'd love to listen to anybody ideas on the subj. of speed testing. Though I might not always agree with the ones. So I thank you for sharing whith me your aproach to the matter. Actually I use complex method to get picture of perfomance. First with pen and paper and instraction clock reference (or may be VTUNE). Then in flat 386 DOS world (if it's possible and dont involves somehow Win32 spec. texting) And finaly in real Win32 env. with some other tasks running. All the above gives me some info to think about. For now, as I've noted, most tricky part is when testing algorithm using memory access to read or write in Win32. I never can be 100 % sure what's waiting me to surprize with every such a case :)

Svin, thanks for the example. > But I really need some fat book written just > about algorithms in 386 model flat with lots of exser. and > examples.Do you know one? Try Intel site. It contains few libraries on math, image/ signal processing etc. Accordingly their readmes, they contain highly optimised procs and are fully documented. Libs are very big, I have not any so far, so the information isn't checked. DVA